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Third Course Of Lectures On General Linguistics

Statistics

  Counts

  Total Pages: 30.36
  Total Words: 7590
  Total Characters: 37021
  Number of Sentences: 363


  Averages

  Words per Sentences: 20.91
  Characters per Words: 4.88


  Readability

  Flesch Reading Ease: 59.96
  Fog Scale Level: 13.65
  Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 10.09  

Third Course of Lectures on General Linguistics



Source: Saussure's Third Course of Lectures on General Linghuistics (1910-1911) publ. Pergamon Press, 1993. Reproduced here are the first few and last few pages of what are notes taken by a student of Saussure's lectures.


Ferdinand de Saussure (1910)


Third Course of Lectures on General Linguistics


[28 October 1910]


Introductory chapter: Brief survey of the history of linguistics


The course will deal with linguistics proper, not with languages and language. This science has gone through phases with shortcomings. Three phases may be distinguished, or three successive approaches adopted by those who took a language as an object of study. Later on came a linguistics proper, aware of its object.


The first of these phases is that of grammar, invented by the Greeks and carried on unchanged by the French. It never had any philosophical view of a language as such. That's more the concern of logic. All traditional grammar is normative grammar, that is, dominated by a preoccupation with laying down rules, and distinguishing between a certain allegedly 'correct' language and another, allegedly 'incorrect'; which straight away precludes any broader view of the language phenomenon as a whole.


Later and only at the beginning of the 19th century, if we are talking of major movements (and leaving out the precursors, the 'philological' school at Alexandria), came 2) the great philological movement of classical philology, carrying on down to our own day. In 1777, Friedrich Wolf, as a student, wished to be enrolled as a philologist. Philology introduced a new principle: the method of critical examination of texts. The language was just one of the many objects coming within the sphere of philology, and consequently subjected to this criticism. Henceforth, language studies were no longer directed merely towards correcting grammar. The critical principle demanded an examination, for instance, of the...

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