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Spain 1263
Spain 1263 “The Jews furnish our viziers, chancellors and most of our officers of our army and we simply cannot do it without them.” This was answered by Alfonso VI in response to Pope Gregory VII”s complaints about rising Jewish prominence in Spain (Sachar, 1994). By the middle of the eighth century, the eastern half of the Byzantine Empire, Persia, North Africa, and the southern Iberian Peninsula, were ruled by the Moslem caliphs. Because of their love for science and the spread of knowledge, the Moslems employed Jews as poets, doctors, and scholars in both secular and religious contexts. Jews even occupied some of the highest positions in Moslem Spain, as prime ministers to the caliphs, for example (Gilbert, 1990). This time was the beginning of the Jewish golden age in Spain. It was in Moslem Spain when the Jews experienced the height of their golden age. After the Jews fled southern Spain because of the Almohad uprising in 1149, the prosperity of the golden age followed the Jews into northern Spain. However, the Jewish success in northern, Christian Spain was an artificial and temporary one. Jews found success there only because the cruel, anti-semitic Christians were still preoccupied with the reconquest of southern Spain and had not yet focused their efforts on destroying the Jews, a favorite occupation of Medieval Christians (Wein, 1993). After the immigration to northern Spain, Jews soon began to feel the decline of their period of success and, not for the first time, experienced persecution and exile from the rule of a foreign country. The events of the year 1263 in Spanish-Jewish history signify the point at which the Jews of Spain entered the inexorable downward spiral from the height of their golden age. From the eighth to the thirteenth centuries, there existed two very distinct sects of European Judaism. One was in Christian Europe. The other was in Moslem Spain. The differences between these two communities were de... Please login to view comments from other users.
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