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Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive Heart Failure NS2: Aging 7 Long-term Care October 26, 2003 Congestive Heart Failure Congestive heart failure is a condition in which a weakened heart cannot pump enough blood to body organs resulting in the blood to backing up into body tissues. It is the most common cause of disability in the elderly. “More than 75 percent of patients with congestive heart failure are over the age of 65 years” (Porth, 2004, p. 337). The New York Heart Association classifies CHF into four categories. Class I occurs when a patient is not limited to normal physical activities due to symptoms. Class II is when regular physical activities result in fatigue, dyspnea, or other symptoms. Class III is characterized by an apparent limitation in normal physical activity. In Class IV there are symptoms at rest and any physical activities (Grossman, 2002). The most recent classification of congestive heart failure divides the pathophysiology into two categories, which are systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Systolic dysfunction occurs when the left ventricle is dilated and contractility is impaired. Diastolic dysfunction takes place in a normal left ventricle with impaired ability to relax and receive and eject blood. Congestive heart failure can also be classified as right-sided or left-sided heart failure. Often, one side of the heart will start to fail before the other. In elderly usually the left ventricle fails first. If the left ventricle fails first the heart is unable to pump all of the blood it receives. As, a result blood backs up into the lungs and peripheral edema occurs. Peripheral edema is accumulation in the lungs that may suffocate a person if untreated. If the right ventricle fails first, blood backs up into the systemic vessels, resulting in pulmonary edema. Peripheral edema is usually most noticeable in the feet and ankles (Tortora & Grabowski, 2000). The major cause of congestive heart failure is coronary heart ... Please login to view comments from other users.
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