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Organic Compounds
Chemists observed that there were two types of substances. Those from non-living matter and those from living matter. They were classified into two categories which include inorganic substances and organic substances. Many similar properties were observed by the Chemists. Most inorganic substances were observed to change very little, if any, when heated. Also, organic substances were thought to be produced only by living organisms. Later in time organic substances were studied in greater detail. Chemists learned that nearly all organic compounds are made of chains and rings of carbon atoms. Chemists then learned to synthesize some simple organic compounds directly from inorganic substances! This amazing discovery marked the beginning of modern organic chemist. Today we define organic chemistry as the chemistry of carbon compounds. (pg.579, Smoot, Price, and Smith, Merill Chemistry) The largest group of organic compounds are the hydrocarbons. These compounds are composed only of carbon and hydrogen. Almost all other organic compounds can be considered as derivatives of the hydrocarbons. If the carbon atoms are linked in chains, the compounds are called aliphatic compounds. If the atoms are linked in rings, the compounds are called cyclic compounds. (pg.581, ...ibid...) (Biology Pamphlet) In terms of naming organic compounds the number of carbon-carbon chains are named using the prefixes below: meth- 1 carbon eth- 2 prop- 3 but- 4 pent- 5 hex- 6 hept- 7 oct- 8 non- 9 dec- 10 The simplest group of hydrocarbons is the alkanes. The carbon atom in these hydrocarbons is always saturated with hydrogen atoms. The first three members of the alkane family are methane - CH , ethane C H , and propane - C H . After butane the members of the alkane series are named using the Greek or Latin prefix for the numbering of carbon atoms. (pg.580...ibid...) Alkanes are named according to the longes... Please login to view comments from other users.
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