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History And Philosophy Of Medicine: Bodies In History
Examine the ways in which psycho-social and sexual problems became medicalised in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Were men and women affected differently by this process? A typical approach to the examination of the history of medicine involves constructing a time line upon which are placed a series of ‘breakthroughs’ which are judged for their contribution to current knowledge. This purely technical rationale does not provide the insight that a social history can, in which the events of the time are firmly framed and discussed in light of the prevailing social, political and economic circumstances. The medicalisation of psycho-social and sexual problems by western medicine in the broad timespan between 1800 and 1930 is an ideal situation through which to examine this concept. To medicalise something is to label it a disease or a disorder, and the implication then is that this can be cured by the knowledgable treatment of a physician. It will be shown that the way a number of social, sexual and psychological disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, masturbation, homosexuality and suicide were medicalised was as much a result of social framing as ! scientific progress. Under this system legitimacy and institutionalisation is given to the prevailing social order. Further weight will be added to the case by examining how the medicalisation of women’s problems closely relates to the standing they held in Victorian society. Homosexuality is a kind of behaviour which is highly amenable to examination as an example of psycho-social and sexual medicalisation. It was first detailed in American and European physician’s case studies in the late nineteenth century (Hansen, 1992). Throughout history homosexual behaviour had been regarded as deviant, and was firmly in the sphere of morality. At different times it was viewed with bemusement, for example a scot named Lithgow wrote “Sodomy...a monstrous filth... Please login to view comments from other users.
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